“Hepatitis often progresses silently and may only be detected once severe damage, such as cirrhosis or liver failure, has occurred. Timely testing is critical to prevent long-term complications,” stated Dr. Rakesh Kochhar, former head of the Gastroenterology Department at PGIMER, ahead of World Hepatitis Day on Monday. He emphasized that hepatitis is caused by viruses like hepatitis B and C, as well as alcohol use, long-term medication, and metabolic disorders. This condition is rapidly becoming a public health issue in India, with rising cases connected to certain herbal and Ayurvedic supplements.
According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2024 report, India holds the highest global burden of viral hepatitis, with nearly 40 million people suffering from chronic hepatitis B and 6 to 12 million from hepatitis C. Unfortunately, access to testing and treatment remains limited.
Dr. Sumeet Kainth, a senior consultant in gastroenterology and hepatology at Livasa Hospital in Mohali, noted that hepatitis B and C can quietly damage the liver in many cases, often without noticeable symptoms until significant progression occurs. He added that alcohol consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are leading contributors to liver damage in India.
Without proper diagnosis and treatment, individuals continue their journey toward severe liver disease or cancer, making testing, treating, and vaccinating essential. This includes ensuring birth-dose vaccinations for hepatitis B, expanding screenings for high-risk groups, and providing accessible treatment for hepatitis C.
Dr. Sunil Tanjea, an associate professor in the Department of Hepatology at PGIMER, Chandigarh, explained that individuals with acute or chronic hepatitis B can spread the infection through blood, bodily fluids, or sexual contact. He highlighted that risks of exposure include unprotected sex, tattoos, and using improperly sterilized equipment. Although antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B help control the virus, they do not offer complete cures. The hepatitis B vaccine, given in three doses over six months, offers long-lasting protection and can be administered at birth.
Dr. Arvind Sahni, director of gastroenterology and hepatology at Fortis Hospital, Mohali, discussed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which occurs when the immune system attacks liver cells. This condition, more prevalent in women and peak at ages 40 to 60, often remains undetected, with one-third of patients already facing advanced liver disease at diagnosis. Symptoms can include fatigue, jaundice, leg swelling, abdominal fluid accumulation, and neurological issues.
Autoimmune hepatitis requires lifelong immunosuppressive treatments such as steroids and azathioprine. Recently, Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) has been approved as a first-line treatment for AIH, proving more effective and better tolerated than traditional options, though it is not recommended during pregnancy.
Dr. Mukesh K. Rathore, principal consultant in gastroenterology at Max Hospital in Mohali, pointed out that among the five types of hepatitis, B and C pose the highest risks for cirrhosis and liver cancer if not diagnosed and treated early. He reiterated that alcohol use and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease continue to significantly contribute to liver damage, stressing that vaccination remains the strongest defense against hepatitis A and B.
With effective antiviral medications now available, hepatitis C is curable in most cases. However, many individuals are unaware they may be living with chronic hepatitis. Dr. Rathore emphasized the importance of early detection and timely treatment to prevent complications like liver cancer and failure. Adopting a balanced diet, remaining physically active, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco are crucial steps in preventing liver-related issues.
Original Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/hepatitis-spread-b-infection-blood-body-fluid-10154021/
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Publish Date: 2025-07-28 10:30:00
