Rising Tide of New Diseases in India: A Looming Threat
India is witnessing an alarming increase in novel diseases, raising concerns over their potential to spark new pandemics. Emerging pathogens such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Chandipura virus, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and Kyasanur forest disease have created a precarious health scenario. A 2019 study in the India Journal of Medical Research categorizes respiratory viral infections, arboviral infections, and bat-borne viral infections as major emerging threats in the country.
Historically, India has faced catastrophic outbreaks like the bubonic plague in 1896 and the Spanish Flu in 1918, both exacerbated by poor sanitation and inadequate healthcare. Cholera outbreaks were recurrent during the 19th and early 20th centuries due to impure water sources and lack of proper sewers. More recently, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (swine flu) exposed significant gaps in India’s healthcare infrastructure.
In recent years, outbreaks of diseases such as the 2018 Nipah virus in Kerala, swine flu (2014-15), and the Coronavirus pandemic (2019) have further underscored India’s vulnerability. Climate change, urbanization, and environmental disruptions like deforestation have created optimal conditions for disease transmission from animals to humans, emphasizing the need for robust public health measures.
Experts attribute the rise in diseases to a growing population, rapid urbanization, and socio-economic factors. Dr. Pooja Wadhwa from Marengo Asia Hospitals highlighted that overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate healthcare amplify the risks. Dr. Tushar Tayal from CK Birla Hospital warned that urbanization, high population density, tropical climates, and antibiotic resistance elevate the chances of viral epidemics.
To counter these challenges, comprehensive public health reforms, substantial healthcare investment, improved infrastructure, and environmental stewardship are crucial. Public awareness on hygiene, sanitation, and responsible antibiotic use, combined with strengthened disease surveillance, can help mitigate the threat of emerging infections in India.
Original Story https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/why-is-india-becoming-the-breeding-place-for-pathogens-with-potential-of-starting-an-epidemic/articleshow/113594084.cms
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